Guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de cuerpos extraños en oído, nariz y vía aérea
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
Los cuerpos extraños en el oído, nariz y vías respiratorias son una causa frecuente de consulta en los servicios de urgencias y deben ser competencia de todos los otorrinolaringólogos. Los síntomas más frecuentes luego de la introducción de un cuerpo extraño en oído son otalgia, otorragia, otorrea, plenitud aural, prurito, tinnitus y fiebre; a nivel nasal son dolor local, rinorrea unilateral, epistaxis y obstrucción nasal. La aspiración de un cuerpo extraño en los niños se considera una condición de urgencia, especialmente en niños pequeños, en quienes se describe mayor mortalidad.
Descargas
Detalles del artículo

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Este artículo es publicado por la Revista Acta de Otorrinolaringología & Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello.
Este es un artículo de acceso abierto, distribuido bajo los términos de la LicenciaCreativeCommons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/), que permite el uso no comercial, distribución y reproducción en cualquier medio, siempre que la obra original sea debidamente citada.
eISSN: 2539-0856
ISSN: 0120-8411
Citas
American Academy of Pediatrics Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management. Classifying recommendations for clinical practice guidelines. Pediatrics. 2004;114(3):874-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-1260
Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Directriz para el fortalecimiento de los programas nacionales de guías informadas por la evidencia. Una herramienta para la adaptación e implementación de guías en las Américas. Washington, D. C.: OPS; 2018.
Kim KH, Chung JH, Byun H, Zheng T, Jeong JH, Lee SH. Clinical Characteristics of External Auditory Canal Foreign Bodies in Children and Adolescents. Ear Nose Throat J. 2020;99(10):648–53. doi: 10.1177/0145561319893164
Hudock S, Hysell M, Luna M, Dixon E, Mangione M, Holsinger H, et al. Aural search & rescue: Techniques for ear foreign body removal in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med. 2024;75:167–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.10.048
Schwartz SR, Magit AE, Rosenfeld RM, Ballachanda BB, Hackell JM, Krouse HJ, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline (Update): Earwax (Cerumen Impaction). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017;156(1_suppl):S1-S29. doi: 10.1177/0194599816671491
Akgül G, Sancaktar ME, Özdemir D, Mehel MD, Turgut NF, Çeçen A. Mechanism of ear canal button battery injury and strategies for mitigation of damage. Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica. 2023;43(2):149-54. doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-N2083
Park SJ, Burns H. Button battery injury: An update. Aust J Gen Pract. 2022;51(7):471-5. doi: 10.31128/AJGP-03-21-5873
Ng TT. Aural foreign body removal: there is no one-size-fits-all method. Open Access Emerg Med. 2018;10:177-182. doi: 10.2147/OAEM.S178850
Schulze SL, Kerschner J, Beste D. Pediatric External Auditory Canal Foreign Bodies: A Review of 698 Cases. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002;127(1):73-8. doi: 10.1067/mhn.2002.126724
Schuldt T, Großmann W, Weiss NM, Ovari A, Mlynski R, Schraven SP. Aural and nasal foreign bodies in children – Epidemiology and correlation with hyperkinetic disorders, developmental disorders and congenital malformations. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;118:165-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.01.006
Awad A, ElTaher M. ENT Foreign Bodies: An Experience. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;22(02):146–51. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1603922
Giltmier A, Aunins B, Ishman SL, Roche C. Management of Live Insects in the External Auditory Canal: A Wilderness Perspective. Wilderness Environ Med. 2022;33(3):318-23. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2022.03.013
Weksler CW, Heiman E, Weiser G. Removal of external auditory canal foreign bodies in the pediatric emergency department – A retrospective comparison study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2022;160:111247. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111247
White AC, Shih MC, Nguyen SA, Carol Liu YC. Comparison of Care Settings for Pediatric External Auditory Canal Foreign Bodies: A Meta-Analysis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2023;132(3):322-331. doi: 10.1177/00034894221093584
Kekre M, Chakravarty S, Agarwal R. Foreign Bodies in Ear, Nose, Throat and Maxillofacial Region: A Study on Their Clinical Profile and Complications. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2022;74(Suppl 3):4483-4494. doi: 10.1007/s12070-020-02233-w
Jungbauer WN, Shih M, Nguyen SA, Clemmens CS. Comparison of pediatric nasal foreign body removal by care setting: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2022;158:111162. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111162
Davies PH. Foreign bodies in the nose and ear: a review of techniques for removal in the emergency department. J Accid Emerg Med. 2000;17(2):91-4. doi: 10.1136/emj.17.2.91
Zavdy O, Viner I, London N, Menzely T, Hod R, Raveh E, et al. Intranasal foreign bodies: A 10-year analysis of a large cohort, in a tertiary medical center. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;50:356-359. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.08.045
Cetinkaya EA, Arslan IB, Cukurova I. Nasal foreign bodies in children: Types, locations, complications and removal. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;79(11):1881-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.08.036
Kendigelen P. The anaesthetic consideration of tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration in children. J Thorac Dis. 2016;8(12):3803–7. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2016.12.69
Karišik M. Foreign Body Aspiration and Ingestion in Children. Acta Clin Croat. 2023;62(Suppl1):105-112. doi: 10.20471/acc.2023.62.s1.13
Al Masaoudi L, Kolethekkat AA, Jose S, Al Abri R. Can Clinical and Radiological Diagnosis Reduce the Need for Bronchoscopy in Pediatric Tracheobronchial Foreign Body Aspiration Cases? Oman Med J. 2022;37(4):e409-e409. doi: 10.5001/omj.2022.80
Chen YH, Shomorony A, Drusin MA, Pearlman AN. Consultations for Foreign Bodies in Aerodigestive Tract: Assessment of Diagnostic Modalities. Laryngoscope. 2023;133(6):1361-6. doi: 10.1002/lary.30339
Pham ST, Sakai O, Andreu-Arasa VC. Imaging approach to ingested foreign bodies in the neck. Neuroradiology. 2024;66(6):867–81. doi: 10.1007/s00234-024-03348-5
Alvi S, Harsha P. Flexible Nasopharyngoscopy. 2023. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan–.
Loperfido A, Mammarella F, Giorgione C, Celebrini A, Acquaviva G, Bellocchi G. Management of Foreign Bodies in the Ear, Nose and Throat in Pediatric Patients: Real-Life Experience in a Large Tertiary Hospital. Cureus. 2022 Oct 26;14(10):e30739. doi: 10.7759/cureus.30739
Luo C, Li Q. Risk factor analysis and model construction for fish bone foreign body in children’s pharynx. Am J Otolaryngol. 2024;45(5):104364. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2024.104364
Salih AM, Alfaki M, Alam-Elhuda DM. Airway foreign bodies: A critical review for a common pediatric emergency. World J Emerg Med. 2016;7(1): 5-12. doi: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2016.01.001
Ospina GJ. Cuerpos extraños en el tracto aerodigestivo infantil. El papel del otorrinolaringólogo pedíatra. Acta Otorrinolaringol Cir Cabeza Cuello. 2005;33(2):36-47.
Ambrose SE, Raol NP. Pediatric airway foreign body. Oper Tech Otolayngol Head Neck Surg. 2017;28(4):265-9. doi: 10.1016/j.otot.2017.08.012
Goyal S, Jain S, Rai G, Vishnu R, Kamath GS, Bishnoi AK, et al. Clinical variables responsible for early and late diagnosis of foreign body aspiration in pediatrics age group. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2020;15(1):271. doi: 10.1186/s13019-020-01314-9
Azzi JL, Seo C, McInnis G, Urichuk M, Rabbani R, Rozovsky K, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of computed tomography in the diagnosis of pediatric foreign body aspiration. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2023;165:111429. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111429
Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhang H, Yang X, Song X. Comprehensive Analysis of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tracheobronchial Foreign Bodies in Children. Ear Nose Throat J. 2023;102(10):661–6. doi: 10.1177/01455613211023019
Hemead HM, Ramadan A, Gaafar AH, Nossier A, Abdelaziz A. Different Modalities Used in the Art of Managing Tracheobronchial Foreign Bodies. Open Respir Med J. 2022:16:e187430642206100. doi: 10.2174/18743064-v16-e2206100
Ibrahim Sersar S, Hassan Rizk W, Bilal M, El Diasty MM, Abudlla Eltantawy T, Badry Abdelhakam B, et al. Inhaled Foreign Bodies: Presentation, Management and Value of History and Plain Chest Radiography in Delayed Presentation. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 2006;134(1):92-9. doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.08.019
Houston R, Powell S, Jaffray B, Ball S. Clinical guideline for retained button batteries. Arch Dis Child. 2021;106(2):192-4. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318354
Fidkowski CW, Zheng H, Firth PG. The Anesthetic Considerations of Tracheobronchial Foreign Bodies in Children. Anesth Analg. 2010;111(4):1016–25. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181ef3e9c