ACTA DE OTORRINOLARINGOLOGÍA & CIRUGÍA DE CABEZA Y CUELLO

Conductive hearing loss in children: beyond otitis media with effusion. Regarding three cases

2024-01-29T11:06:39-05:00

Introduction: Conductive hearing loss is the most common cause of hearing impairment in childhood. Among its possible causes, otitis media with effusion (OME) is the most frequent etiology. However, other etiologies may cause it. Case: We present three cases of patients under follow-up for conductive hearing loss with OME associated with other pathologies. Discussion: Although much less common, congenital malformations of the middle ear and a high jugular bulb cause conductive hearing loss in childhood. A correct anamnesis, otoscopy, audiometry, tympanometry, and acoumetry should be performed to achieve diagnosis. Complementary tests, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are preferred, as surgical exploration is sometimes needed. Conclusion: It is important to make a correct differential diagnosis of conductive hearing loss, considering that it is possible the coexistence of several causes in the same patient.

Caracterización clínico-epidemiológica de fracturas orbitarias en el hospital de San José, Bogotá 2015-2020.

2021-12-28T15:30:51-05:00

Introduction: Maxillofacial trauma represents a health problem; it can cause functional and aesthetic alterations and sequelae. Orbital trauma is common. There are social demographic variables that could be associated with orbital fractures. The objective of this work was to describe the social, economic, environmental, epidemiological, medical, and surgical factors and their postoperative results of patients with orbital trauma in the patient population of the San José hospital in the period between 2015 and 2020. Methodology: Descriptive study observational case series. Data collection was carried out on patients with a diagnosis of orbital fracture at the San José Hospital between 2015 and 2020. Sociodemographic and clinical-surgical variables are described. Results: 120 patients with orbital fractures in 5 years were included. 81.67% were male, with an average age of 35.6 years. The most common stratum was 3, and the incidence was higher in the months with more holidays. The most frequent mechanism of trauma: falls (20.83%), followed by fights (19.17%). Impure fractures were the most frequent and of these, the orbitozygomatic fracture was the most common. Surgical treatment was the choice in most cases and the most common surgical approach was the subciliary (54.17%). Conclusion: Orbital fractures are frequent in men and generally involve the malar complex, despite the time the cases have increased and there is a possible relationship with the months with more festivities and secondary to violent etiologies. The most used treatment is surgical.

Laryngeal neuropathy after SARS-CoV-2 infection: case series

2023-01-10T14:21:42-05:00

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the cause of the pandemic declared since March 2020. The neurotropic effect of the virus has been demonstrated in experimental studies and case reports; however, few case reports are presented regarding laryngeal neuropathy. Objective: Describe the frequency of laryngeal neuropathy, paralysis, or paresis of one or both vocal folds, in patients who have had SARS-CoV-2 infection treated in the Otorhinolaryngology-Laryngology Service in Hospital Militar Central. Methods: An observational, descriptive, case series study, was developed in patients with laryngeal neuropathy after SARS-CoV-2 infection who met the inclusion criteria and were managed by the Otorhinolaryngology-Laryngology Service since the start of the pandemic in March 2020. Data collection was carried out from the review of medical records of patients with impaired mobility of the vocal folds after infection. The clinical and endoscopic variables found in these patients are characterized and described. Results: 20 patients with findings of laryngeal neuropathy after SARS-CoV-2 infection were presented with an average age of 53.9 ± 17.7 years and 55% being male. The appearance of paralysis or paresis of the vocal folds occurred in 80% of the patients requiring orotracheal intubation during the infection, most of the involvement being by bilateral paralysis of the vocal folds followed by unilateral paralysis. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infection generates a series of laryngeal affections, among which neuropathy stands out. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully explained, various reports in the literature describe the involvement of various cranial nerves and the neutropic role of the virus.

Legal regulation of early childhood hearing screening programs in Colombia

2024-01-29T11:13:20-05:00

Introduction: Introduction: Early detection of hearing problems in early childhood plays a crucial role in children’s overall development, as it allows for timely interventions that can significantly improve their quality of life. Objective: To analyze the legal regulation of hearing screening programs in early childhood in Colombia. Design: Qualitative research of a descriptive documentary review type. Methods: Scientific articles, laws, regulations, policies, and grey literature documents published between 2010 and 2020, addressing the topic of hearing screening programs in Colombia, were included. Results: From 2010 to 2020, Colombia implemented policies and regulations on regulating hearing screening programs in early childhood. Highlights include Law 519 of 2015, Law 001 of 2017 from the House of Representatives, and Law 1980 of July 26, 2019. Conclusions: It is essential to continue pooling efforts to study this subject further and to ensure that the programs are managed by specialists in audiology. Finally, it is urged to promote new public policies on hearing health and the early diagnosis of childhood hearing loss through universal hearing screening.

Sialendoscopy: the end of the open adenectomy in benign salivary disease

2024-01-29T09:30:51-05:00

Introduction: Chronic sialoadenitis is caused by stones, mucus deposits, ductal stenosis, or chronic inflammation, and mainly affects the submandibular gland. Initially, medical management is indicated; in recurrent cases, adenectomy or removal of the stone are of choice. The morbidity associated with adenectomy due to facial nerve injury, external scarring, persistence of symptoms, and longer recovery time have led to the search for more functional options that respect the physiology of the gland. Methods: A retrospective series of patients with benign salivary disease, adults over 18 years of age treated with sialoendsocopy as the first option. Patients with stones >1 cm were excluded. Results: Sialoendoscopy in 44 patients with nononcological pathology for 5 years was presented, of which 75% were women and the majority affected the submandibular glands. The main cause was lithiasis, with an average size of 10 mm. 78% were treated by a pure endoscopic approach with papillotomy to insert the equipment. In 3 the duct could not be found and 3 required open sialadenectomy. 76% remained asymptomatic after the procedure; infectious complications in 2. The median surgical time was 75 minutes and the follow-up was 45 days. Discussion: Compared to studies available in the literature, there were more women, the gland most affected was parotid and the success rate was higher compared to Katz’s article; but when compared with others it was standard, and lower complication rates were reported compared to the other studies cited Conclusion: sialendoscopy is a viable and safe treatment for benign salivary disease.

Otoplasty an hybrid technique

2024-01-29T11:07:33-05:00

Prominauris is one of the most common congenital deformities in the head and neck area and is the principal alteration of the pinna, with a global prevalence of appro[1]ximately 5%. The leading causes of this anomaly are the abnormal formation of the antihelix or a prominent concha. The surgical techniques in otoplasty can be divided into cartilage-sculpting and cartilage-sparing. Actually, there are multiple surgical techniques described in the literature. The objective of this article is to present a description of a hybrid approach to otoplasty.