Factors associated with failure of neonatal hearing screening: a case-control study in a hospital in Bogotá.
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Abstract
Objective. To identify factors associated with failure of neonatal hearing screening using automated auditory evoked potentials in newborns at Hospital San José in Bogotá between September 2022 and February 2024.
Methods. An analytical observational matched case-control study (1:2 ratio) was conducted. Cases were newborns with a “FAIL” result, and controls had a “PASS” result. Two controls per case were matched by sex and date of birth, with a rescue window of ±7 days. A total of 31 cases and 62 controls were included (n=93). Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using matched odds ratios and conditional logistic regression to obtain adjusted estimates (95% CI). Multiple correspondence analysis was conducted as an exploratory approach.
Results. Prematurity (<37 weeks) (OR 3.24; 95% CI 1.17–8.98), low birth weight (<2500 g) (OR 4.26; 95% CI 1.51–12.00), and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization (OR 7.98; 95% CI 2.28–27.90) were associated with failure in the bivariate analysis. In the multivariate model, only NICU hospitalization remained independently associated (adjusted OR 18.26; 95% CI 1.26–263.55; p=0.033). No significant differences were observed in maternal age or other sociodemographic variables.
Conclusions. NICU hospitalization was the only independent factor associated with screening failure. Despite wide confidence intervals, the association remained significant. Clinically, NICU stay may represent an early marker of audiological risk, supporting the need for targeted follow-up and strengthened early detection strategies.
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