Perfil de uso de sedantes vestibulares para el tratamiento de vértigo periférico en Colombia

Contenido principal del artículo

Ángela María Campos Mahecha
Luisa María Rojas Herrera

Resumen

Introducción: el uso inadecuado de sedantes vestibulares se asocia a mayor riesgo de caídas, hospitalizaciones, costos, eventos adversos y peores resultados clínicos. Por lo tanto, es importante tener conocimiento acerca del consumo de los medicamentos y su variación en el tiempo. El objetivo fue establecer el perfil de uso de los sedantes vestibulares en el tratamiento ambulatorio de vértigo periférico en pacientes mayores de 18 años, asegurados al Sistema de Seguridad Social colombiano, desde julio del 2021 hasta junio 2022. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal que utilizó información de una base de dispensación de medicamentos, donde se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, farmacológicas y clínicas. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo univariado y bivariado para establecer una posible relación entre los principios activos, polifarmacia, interacciones, sinergismo de suma y médico prescriptor. Resultados: se identificaron 22.776 pacientes, con una mediana de edad de 56 años, donde el 64,65% corresponde al sexo femenino. En cuanto al perfil de uso de sedantes vestibulares, el dimenhidrinato fue el sedante vestibular con mayor dispensación en un 72,30% para indicaciones como vértigo paroxístico benigno y otros vértigos periféricos, seguido de betahistina 37,50%, difenhidramina 6,50% y meclizina 0,40%. El uso prolongado de cualquier sedante vestibular se presentó en el 7,0%, el 74,45% presentó polifarmacia y el sinergismo de sumación fue del 4,80%. Conclusión: la mayor prescripción en Colombia fue para el dimenhidrinato. Llama la atención el alto porcentaje de polifarmacia y el manejo farmacológico del vértigo paroxístico benigno, por lo que se sugiere un tratamiento individualizado, valorando las posibles reacciones adversas.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Detalles del artículo

Cómo citar
1.
Campos Mahecha Ángela M, Rojas Herrera LM. Perfil de uso de sedantes vestibulares para el tratamiento de vértigo periférico en Colombia. Acta otorrinolaringol cir cabeza cuello [Internet]. 30 de abril de 2025 [citado 5 de mayo de 2025];53(1). Disponible en: https://revista.acorl.org.co/index.php/acorl/article/view/758
Sección
Trabajos Originales

Citas

Bhattacharyya N, Gubbels SP, Schwartz SR, Edlow JA, El-Kashlan H, Fife T, et al. Clinical practice guideline: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (update). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.2017;156(3_suppl):S1–47. 10.1177/0194599816689667 doi:

Davis, Adrian & Moorjani, Padma. (2003). The Epidemiology of Hearing and Balance Disorders. Textbook of Audiological Medicine. 10.1201/b14730-8.

Welgampola MS, Bradshaw AP, Halmagyi GM. Assessment of the Vestibular System: History and Physical Examination. Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;82:1-11. doi: 10.1159/000490267

Neuhauser HK. The epidemiology of dizziness and vertigo. En: Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Elsevier; 2016. p. 67–82.

Muelleman T, Shew M, Subbarayan R, Shum A, Sykes K, Staecker H, et al. Epidemiology of dizzy patient population in a neurotology clinic and predictors of peripheral etiology. Otol Neurotol . 2017;38(6):870- MAO.0000000000001429 5. doi: 10.1097/

Murphy C, Reinhardt C, Linehan D, Katiri R, O’Connor A. A review of primary care referrals for patients with dizziness and vertigo: prevalence and demographics. Ir J Med Sci 2022;191(1):385- 9. doi: . 10.1007/s11845-021-02575-6

Harun A, Agrawal Y. The use of fall risk increasing drugs (FRIDs) in patients with dizziness presenting to a neurotology clinic. Otol Neurotol . 2015;36(5):862–4. mao.0000000000000742 doi: 10.1097/

Kaufman DW, Kelly JP, Rosenberg L, Anderson TE, Mitchell AA. Recent patterns of medication use in the ambulatory adult population of the United States: the Slone survey. JAMA . 2002;287(3):337–44. doi: 10.1001/jama.287.3.337

Herings RM, Stricker BH, de Boer A, Bakker A, Sturmans F. Benzodiazepines and the risk of falling leading to femur fractures. Dosage more important than elimination half-life. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155(16):1801-7.

Tinetti ME, McAvay GJ, Fried TR, Allore HG, Salmon JC, Foody JM, et al. Health outcome priorities among competing cardiovascular, fall injury, and medication-related symptom outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(8):1409-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01815.x

Kasbekar AV, Mullin N, Morrow C, Youssef AM, Kay T, Lesser TH. Development of a physiotherapy-led balance clinic: the Aintree model. J Laryngol Otol. 2014;128(11):966-71. doi: 10.1017/S0022215114002060

Gurley KL, Edlow JA. Acute Dizziness. Semin Neurol. 2019;39(1):27-40. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1676857

Royal College of Physicians. Hearing and Balance Disorders: Achieving Excellence in Diagnosis and Management. Report of a Working Party. London (United Kingdom): Royal College of Physicians. 2007;iii-65.

Burrows L, Lesser TH, Kasbekar AV, Roland N, Billing M. Independent prescriber physiotherapist led balance clinic: the Southport and Ormskirk pathway. J Laryngol Otol. 2017;131(5):417-424. doi: 10.1017/S0022215117000342

Trinidade A, Yung MW. Consultant-led, multidisciplinary balance clinic: process evaluation of a specialist model of care in a district general hospital. Clin Otolaryngol. 2014;39(2):95 101. doi: 10.1111/coa.12236

WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (Internet). ATC/DDD Index 2024. Who.int. [citado el 16 de mayo de 2023]. Disponible en: https://atcddd.fhi.no/atc_ddd_ index/updates_included_in_the_atc_ddd_index/

The selection of essential drugs: report of a WHO expert committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 1977;(615):1-36.

Lee D, Bergman U. Studies of drug utilization. In: BL Strom, SF Kimmel, S Hennessy (eds). Pharmacoepidemiology, 5.a edición. John Wiley, Chichester, UK, 2012; 379–401.

Bergamasco A, Arredondo Bisono T, Castillon G, Moride Y. Drug Utilization Studies in Latin America: A Scoping Review and Survey of Ethical Requirements. Value Health Reg Issues. 2018;17:189-193. doi: 10.1016/j.vhri.2018.09.003

Masnoon N, Shakib S, Kalisch-Ellett L, Caughey GE. What is polypharmacy? A systematic review of definitions. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17(1):230. doi: 10.1186/s12877-017-0621-2

Dyhrfjeld-Johnsen J, Attali P. Management of peripheral vertigo with antihistamines: New options on the horizon. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2019;85(10):2255-2263. doi: 10.1111/bcp.14046

Iwasaki S, Yamasoba T. Dizziness and Imbalance in the Elderly: Age-related Decline in the Vestibular System. Aging Dis. 2014;6(1):38-47. doi: 10.14336/AD.2014.0128

Lin E, Aligene K. Pharmacology of balance and dizziness. NeuroRehabilitation. 2013;32(3):529-42. doi: 10.3233/NRE 130875

Spiegel R, Rust H, Baumann T, Friedrich H, Sutter R, Göldlin M, et al. Treatment of dizziness: an interdisciplinary update. Swiss Med Wkly. 2017;147:w14566. doi: 10.4414/smw.2017.14566

Dunlap PM, Khoja SS, Whitney SL, Freburger JK. Assessment of Health Care Utilization for Dizziness in Ambulatory Care Settings in the United States. Otol Neurotol. 2019;40(9):e918-e924. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002359

Lee C, Jones TA. Neuropharmacological Targets for Drug Action in Vestibular Sensory Pathways. J Audiol Otol. 2017;21(3):125-132. doi: 10.7874/jao.2017.00171

Soto E, Vega R, Seseña E. Neuropharmacological basis of vestibular system disorder treatment. J Vestib Res. 2013;23(3):119-37. doi: 10.3233/VES-130494

Casani AP, Gufoni M, Capobianco S. Current Insights into Treating Vertigo in Older Adults. Drugs Aging. 2021;38(8):655 670. doi: 10.1007/s40266-021-00877-z

Gurumukhani JK, Patel DM, Shah SV, Patel MV, Patel MM, Patel AV. Negative Impact of Vestibular Suppressant Drugs on Provocative Positional Tests of BPPV: A Study from the Western Part of India. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2021;24(3):367-371. doi: 10.4103/aian.AIAN_413_20

Hülse R, Biesdorf A, Hörmann K, Stuck B, Erhart M, Hülse M, et al. Peripheral Vestibular Disorders: An Epidemiologic Survey in 70 Million Individuals. Otol Neurotol. 2019;40(1):88-95. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002013

Hunter BR, Wang AZ, Bucca AW, Musey PI Jr, Strachan CC, Roumpf SK, et al. Efficacy of Benzodiazepines or Antihistamines for Patients With Acute Vertigo: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(9):846 855. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.1858

Zwergal A, Strupp M, Brandt T. Advances in pharmacotherapy of vestibular and ocular motor disorders. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2019;20(10):1267-1276. doi: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1610386

Michel L, Laurent T, Alain T. Rehabilitation of dynamic visual acuity in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction: earlier is better. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;277(1):103 113. doi: 10.1007/s00405-019-05690-4

Schappert SM. National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 1989 summary. Vital Health Stat 13. 1992;(110):1-80.

Hanley K, O’Dowd T, Considine N. A systematic review of vertigo in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2001 Aug;51(469):666-71.

Nsson R J, Sixt E, Landahl S, Rosenhall U. Prevalence of dizziness and vertigo in an urban elderly population. J Vestib Res. 2004;14:47–52.

Furman JM, Raz Y, Whitney SL. Geriatric vestibulopathy assessment and management. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;18(5):386-91. doi: 10.1097/ MOO.0b013e32833ce5a6

Ribeiro KF, Oliveira BS, Freitas RV, Ferreira LM, Deshpande N, Guerra RO. Effectiveness of Otolith Repositioning Maneuvers and Vestibular Rehabilitation exercises in elderly people with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: a systematic review. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2017;84(1):109–18. doi: 10.1016/j. bjorl.2017.06.003

Vaduva C, Estéban-Sánchez J, Sanz-Fernández R, Martín Sanz E. Prevalence and management of post-BPPV residual symptoms. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;275(6):1429 1437. doi: 10.1007/s00405-018-4980-x

Lynn S, Pool A, Rose D, Brey R, Suman V. Randomized trial of the canalith repositioning procedure. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;113(6):712-20. doi: 10.1016/S0194-59989570010-2

Burton MJ, Eby TL, Rosenfeld RM. Extracts from the Cochrane Library: modifications of the Epley (canalith repositioning) maneuver for posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012;147(3):407-11. doi: 10.1177/0194599812457134

Hain TC, Uddin M. Pharmacological treatment of vertigo. CNS Drugs. 2003;17(2):85-100. doi: 10.2165/00023210 200317020-00002

Shih RD, Walsh B, Eskin B, Allegra J, Fiesseler FW, Salo D, et al. Diazepam and Meclizine Are Equally Effective in the Treatment of Vertigo: An Emergency Department Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Emerg Med. 2017;52(1):23-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.09.016

Lacour M, van de Heyning PH, Novotny M, Tighilet B. Betahistine in the treatment of Ménière’s disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2007;3(4):429-40.

Tighilet B, Léonard J, Watabe I, Bernard-Demanze L, Lacour M. Betahistine Treatment in a Cat Model of Vestibular Pathology: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Approaches. Front Neurol. 2018;9:431. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00431

Yu L, Zhang X-Y, Cao S-L, Peng S-Y, Ji D-Y, Zhu J-N, et al. Na(+) -Ca(2+) exchanger, leak K(+) channel and hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel comediate the histamine-induced excitation on rat inferior vestibular nucleus neurons. CNS Neurosci Ther . 2016;22(3):184–93. 10.1111/cns.12451 doi:

Haas H, Panula P. The role of histamine and the tuberomamillary nucleus in the nervous system. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2003;4(2):121 30. doi: 10.1038/nrn1034

Botta L, Mira E, Valli S, Zucca G, Benvenuti C, Fossati A, et al. Effects of betahistine and of its metabolites on vestibular sensory organs. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2001;21(3 Suppl 66):24-30.

Murdin L, Hussain K, Schilder AG. Betahistine for symptoms of vertigo. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2016(6):CD010696. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010696.pub2

Casani AP, Navari E, Guidetti G, Lacour M. Good Clinical Approach: Delphi Consensus for the Use of Betahistine in Menière’s Disease. Int J Otolaryngol. 2018;2018:5359208. doi: 10.1155/2018/5359208

James AL, Burton MJ. Betahistine for Menière’s disease or syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;2001(1):CD001873. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001873

Adrion C, Fischer CS, Wagner J, Gürkov R, Mansmann U, Strupp M; BEMED Study Group. Efficacy and safety of betahistine treatment in patients with Meniere’s disease: primary results of a long term, multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled, dose defining trial (BEMED trial). BMJ. 2016;352:h6816. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h6816

Nauta JJ. Meta-analysis of clinical studies with betahistine in Ménière’s disease and vestibular vertigo. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;271(5):887-97. doi: 10.1007/s00405 013-2596-8

Della Pepa C, Guidetti G, Eandi M. Betahistine in the treatment of vertiginous syndromes: a meta-analysis. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2006;26(4):208-15.

Strupp M, Kraus L, Schautzer F, Rujescu D. Menière’s disease: combined pharmacotherapy with betahistine and the MAO-B inhibitor selegiline-an observational study. J Neurol. 2018;265(Suppl 1):80-85. doi: 10.1007/s00415-018-8809 8. Retraction in: J Neurol. 2020;267(4):1225. doi: 10.1007/ s00415-020-09791-7

Di Mizio G, Marcianò G, Palleria C, Muraca L, Rania V, Roberti R, et al. Drug-Drug Interactions in Vestibular Diseases, Clinical Problems, and Medico-Legal Implications. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(24):12936. doi: 10.3390/ ijerph182412936

Gutiérrez-Valencia M, Izquierdo M, Cesari M, Casas-Herrero Á, Inzitari M, Martínez-Velilla N. The relationship between frailty and polypharmacy in older people: A systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;84(7):1432-1444. doi: 10.1111/ bcp.13590

Pit SW, Byles JE, Henry DA, Holt L, Hansen V, Bowman DA. A Quality Use of Medicines program for general practitioners and older people: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Med J Aust. 2007;187(1):23-30. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007. tb01110.x

Chimirri S, Aiello R, Mazzitello C, Mumoli L, Palleria C, Altomonte M, et al. Vertigo/dizziness as a Drugs’ adverse reaction. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2013;4(Suppl 1):S104-9. doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.120969

Kim HA, Bisdorff A, Bronstein AM, Lempert T, Rossi-Izquierdo M, Staab JP, et al. Hemodynamic orthostatic dizziness/vertigo: Diagnostic criteria. J Vestib Res. 2019;29(2-3):45-56. doi: 10.3233/VES-190655

Basura GJ, Adams ME, Monfared A, Schwartz SR, Antonelli PJ, Burkard R, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline: Ménière’s Disease. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020;162(2_suppl):S1-S55. doi: 10.1177/0194599820909438

Akutsu, T., Kobayashi, K., Sakurada, K., Ikegaya, H., Furihata, T., & Chiba, K. (2007). Identification of Human Cytochrome P450 Isozymes Involved in Diphenhydramine N-Demethylation. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 35(1), 72 LP – 78. https://doi.org/10.1124/ dmd.106.012088

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a