COVID-19 pandemic effects on otolaryngologist’s mental health in Hispanoamerica
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic could affect the mental health, especially to the health workforce directly exposed to the virus. ENT surgeons have one of the highest risks of exposure and infection by SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Cross-sectional study in otolaryngologists from Hispanoamerica. Socioeconomic and demographic variables were evaluated with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 score. Results: 256 ENT surgeons from sixteen Hispanoamerican countries were studied. The PHQ-9 scale presented an average of 5.45 (SD 4.22). The GAD-7 score presented an average of 4.55 (SD 3,457). The prevalence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorders were 14.8% and 7%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the otolaryngologists who have been tested by nasopharyngeal swab have a significant prediction to present a higher score on the PHQ-9 score (p = .027), while on the GAD-7 score, older individuals have a significant prediction of lower score (p = .002). Otolaryngologists with more years of experience (p = .037) and those who have undergone RT-PCR testing with nasopharyngeal swab have a significant prediction to present a higher GAD-7 (p = .027). Conclusion: During the pandemic, otolaryngologists in Hispanoamerica have presented drastic changes in their social and economic conditions, and their potential effects on mental health. Exposure to the nasopharyngeal swab test for the diagnosis of COVID-19 was the only independent variable that was associated with higher scores on GAD-7 and PHQ-9.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Este artículo es publicado por la Revista Acta de Otorrinolaringología & Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello.
Este es un artículo de acceso abierto, distribuido bajo los términos de la LicenciaCreativeCommons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/), que permite el uso no comercial, distribución y reproducción en cualquier medio, siempre que la obra original sea debidamente citada.
eISSN: 2539-0856
ISSN: 0120-8411
References
Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic. Acta Biomed. 2020;91(1):157-60. doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397
Burki T. COVID-19 in Latin America. Lancet. 2020;20(5):547-8. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30303-0
Liu Z, Zhang L. At the center of the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned for otolaryngology-head and neck surgery in China. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2020;10(5):584-6 doi: 10.1002/alr.22585
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han F, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-13. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30211-7
Chan JF, Yuang S, Kok K, To K, Chu H, Yang J, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):514-23. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30154-9
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5
Kowalski LP, Sanabria A, Rdige J, Tong W, de Bree R, Rinaldo A, et al. COVID-19 pandemic: Effects and evidence-based recommendations for otolaryngology and head and neck surgery practice. Head Neck. 2020;42(6):1259-67. doi: 10.1002/hed.26164
Chan JYK, Wong EWY, Lam W. Practical Aspects of Otolaryngologic Clinical Services During the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Epidemic: An Experience in Hong Kong. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020;146(6):519-20. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2020.0488
Patel ZM, Fernandez J, Hwang P, Nayak J, Dodd R, Sajjadi H, et al. Letter: Precautions for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Neurosurgery. 2020;87(1):E66-e67. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa125
Civantos AM, Bertelli A, Gonçalves A, Getzen E, Chang C, Long Q, et al. Mental health among head and neck surgeons in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national study. Am J Otolaryngol. 2020;41(6):102694. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102694
Prasad A, Civantos A, Byrnes Y, Chorath K, Poonia S, Chang C, et al. Snapshot Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Wellness in Nonphysician Otolaryngology Health Care Workers: A National Study. OTO Open. 2020;4(3):1-12. doi: 10.1177/2473974X20948835
Lu W, Wang H, Lin Y, Li L. Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112936. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112936
Tian F, Li H, Tian S, Yang J, Shao J, Tian C. Psychological symptoms of ordinary Chinese citizens based on SCL-90 during the level I emergency response to COVID-19. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112992. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112992
Chevance A, Gourion D, Hoertel N, Llorca P, Thomas P, Bocher R, et al. Ensuring mental health care during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France: A narrative review. Encephale. 2020;46(3):193-201. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.04.005
Crespo-Facorro B. Mental health and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment. 2020;13(2):55-6. doi: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.04.010
Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112954. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954
Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, Yang J, Wang Y, Li R, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:11-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028
Liu X, Kakade M, Fuller C, Fan B, Fang Y, Kong J. et al. Depression after exposure to stressful events: lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic. Compr Psychiatry. 2012;53(1):15-23. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.02.003
Shreffler J, Petrey J, Huecker M. The Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Worker Wellness: A Scoping Review. West J Emerg Med. 2020;21(5):1059-66 doi: 10.5811/westjem.2020.7.48684
Asmundson GJG, Taylor S. How health anxiety influences responses to viral outbreaks like COVID-19: What all decision-makers, health authorities, and health care professionals need to know. J Anxiety Disord. 2020;71:102211. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102211
Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A. Assessing the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020;51:102076. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102076
Ahmed MZ, Ahmed O, Aibao Z, Hanbin S, Siyu L, Ahmad A. Epidemic of COVID-19 in China and associated Psychological Problems. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020;51:102092. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102092
Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):e203976. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
Kroenke K, Spitzer R, Williams J. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
Baader T, Molina J, Venezian B, Rojas C. Validity and utility of PHQ9 (Patient Helth Questionnarie) in the diagnosis of depression in user patients of primary care in Chile. Rev Chil Neuro-Psiquiat. 2012;50(1):10-22.
Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams J, Löwe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(10):1092-7 doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
García-Campayo J, Zamorano E, Ruiz M, Pardo A, Pérez-Páramo M, López-Gómez V, et al. Cultural adaptation into Spanish of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale as a screening tool. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2010;8:8. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-8-8
Givi B, Schiff B, Chinn S, Clayburgh D, Gopalakrishna Iyer N, Jalisi S, et al. Safety Recommendations for Evaluation and Surgery of the Head and Neck During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020;146(6):579-84. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2020.0780
Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis V, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:901-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026
Xiao X, Zhu X, Fu S, Hu Y, Li X, Xiao J. Psychological impact of healthcare workers in China during COVID-19 pneumonia epidemic: A multi-center cross-sectional survey investigation. J Affect Disord. 2020;274:405-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.081
Ibanez-Vizoso JE, Alberdi-Paramo I, Diaz-Marsa M. International Mental Health perspectives on the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment (Engl Ed). 2020;13(2):111-3. doi: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.04.002
Civantos AM, Byrnes Y, Chang C, Prasad A, Chorath K, Poonia S, et al. Mental health among otolaryngology resident and attending physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic: National study. Head Neck. 2020;42(7):1597-609. doi: 10.1002/hed.26292
Firew T, Sano E, Lee J, Flores S, Lang K, Salman K, et al. Protecting the front line: a cross-sectional survey analysis of the occupational factors contributing to healthcare workers' infection and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. BMJ Open. 2020;10(10):e042752. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042752
Hossain MM, Tasnim S, Sultana A, Faizah F, Mazumder H, Zou L, et al. Epidemiology of mental health problems in COVID-19: a review. F1000Res. 2020;9:636. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.24457.1
Vindegaard N, Benros M. COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: Systematic review of the current evidence. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;89:531-42. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.048