Fisiología coclear
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Resumen
El interés por la fisiología y patología del sistema auditivo ha crecido en los últimos
años, y no sin razón, en Estados Unidos grados variables de hipoacusia afectan al doble de la población afectada por ceguera. El sistema auditivo presenta algunas
características fascinantes en su funcionamiento, la cóclea de los mamíferos, por ejemplo, es capaz de responder a vibraciones de tan solo ±0,3nm, el diámetro de un átomo y de detectar estímulos en humanos de hasta 20 KHz. El propósito del
órgano de la audición es transformar la energía sonora en un impulso eléctrico que
se transmite por el nervio coclear hacia el Sistema Nervioso Central. Esta revisión
describe la fisiología coclear haciendo énfasis en la correlación morfofisiológica subyacente, tanto a nivel celular como molecular, intentando seguir la secuencia temporal de eventos mediante la cual un estímulo acústico se traduce en una respuesta neural.
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Este artículo es publicado por la Revista Acta de Otorrinolaringología & Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello.
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