Hioides: contexto anatomofisiológico comparativo y su implicación en la evolución del lenguaje

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William Álvarez-Gaviria

Resumen

Introducción y objetivos: Muchos autores conjeturan que la mayor eficacia biológica del homo sapiens se correlacionó con su lenguaje, y este con un mayor descenso evolutivo del complejo hio-laríngeo. El objetivo de este estudio comparativo de las improntas musculares hioideas apunta a dicho correlato, lo que puede contribuir a esclarecer la evolución del lenguaje, al tiempo que facilita discernir sobre circunstancias conductuales y ecológicas involucradas. Materiales y métodos: Metodología operativa cuasi experimental, donde se presenta un análisis métrico-morfológico de los hioides de un mono aullador, un chimpancé y tres humanos, cotejados con una copia de hioides de neandertal y con la revisión de la literatura en un contexto comparativo anatomofisiológico concerniente a las improntas hioideas y su implicación en la evolución del descenso del complejo hio-laríngeo. Resultados: Del simio al humano moderno, las uniones cuerpo-astas del hioides y las astas mayores presentan un progresivo incremento a expensas de sus bordes inferiores, donde se insertan músculos depresores infrahioideos. Discusión y conclusiones: El progresivo aumento de los bordes inferiores del hioides refleja un evolutivo descenso del complejo hio-laríngeo. Y, secundariamente, la innovación en nuestra especie de una orofaringe, donde la lengua incrementó su funcionalidad y, en coevolución con la corteza, una plena capacidad lingüística.

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Álvarez-Gaviria W. Hioides: contexto anatomofisiológico comparativo y su implicación en la evolución del lenguaje. Acta otorrinolaringol cir cabeza cuello [Internet]. 31 de agosto de 2018 [citado 8 de mayo de 2024];41(2):103-10. Disponible en: https://revista.acorl.org.co/index.php/acorl/article/view/177
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William Álvarez-Gaviria, Universidad de Antioquia

Otorrinolaringólogo Universidad de Antioquia

Citas

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